Questions to Ask a Breeder or Rescue

Responsible breeders test their breeding dogs for conditions common to the breed, and are open about results. They should be happy to show you documentation, and to discuss any problems that have occurred in their lines.

• What health tests have the parents had, and can I see the results?
• Are there any known health problems in the line?
• Can I meet the mother, and the father if on site?
• How old are the parents, and how many litters has the mother had?
• What is the typical lifespan and health history of dogs from your lines?

How puppies are raised affects their behavior for life. Ask about socialization, environment, and the practical side of buying a puppy.

• Where are the puppies raised, and what experiences do they have from birth?
• What vaccinations, deworming, and vet checks have they had?
• What food are they eating, and will you provide a supply?
• Do you provide a written contract and a health guarantee?
• Will you take the dog back at any time in its life?
• Will you support me with advice after I take the puppy home?

Note: Good breeders ask questions too: about your home, your experience, your schedule, and your plans. Be wary of anyone who is not interested in where the puppy is going.

Rescues and shelters take in animals with varying histories. A good one will tell you what they know, and be honest about what they do not. Ask questions that help you understand the dog's needs.

1. What do you know about the dog's history, and why was he or she surrendered?
2. How does the dog behave with children, strangers, other dogs, and cats?
3. Is the dog house-trained, and crate-trained?
4. Does the dog have any health or behavior issues, and what treatment have they had?
5. Has the dog been vaccinated, spayed or neutered, and microchipped?
6. What is the adoption process, the fee, and the return policy?
7. Do you offer support, training advice, or a trial period after adoption?

Look for answers that are specific, honest, and open. A good breeder or rescue will say when they do not know something, and tell you about potential challenges. They will show you records, let you visit, and give you time to think. They may suggest that a particular dog is not right for you, which is a sign they care.

Pay attention to the environment. Is it clean? Do the animals look healthy and well cared for? Are staff or breeders warm and knowledgeable? Trust your instincts about the place and the people.

Some warning signs should make you pause or walk away.

• The seller will not let you visit, or meet the mother.
• Multiple breeds or many litters are for sale at once.
• No health testing or paperwork, or reluctance to share it.
• Pressure to decide quickly, or to pay a deposit without meeting the puppy.
• Puppies that are sold very young, or shipped without meeting you.
• Dirty, crowded, or poor conditions.
• Vague answers, or answers that contradict each other.
• No contract, return policy, or support.

Before you start asking, do your own research. Learn about the breed or type of dog, and be clear about what you want. Write down your questions, and take notes during visits. Bring a family member, and do not be afraid to take time before deciding. A good dog is worth waiting for.

Once you find a good match, you will have a partner for the years ahead, and a source you can turn to for advice and support. It is worth the effort of asking the right questions.

On the day, use this list to keep you focused.

1. Check the environment: clean, safe, and well kept.
2. Meet the dog's mother, and see how the dogs interact with people.
3. Watch the puppies or dogs play, and look for signs of fear.
4. Ask to see health records and test results.
5. Take notes, and photograph the paperwork.
6. Do not commit on the spot. Go home and think about it.

Read any contract carefully, and make sure you understand it. Look for clear terms on health guarantees, return policies, and spay or neuter requirements. Be cautious of non-refundable deposits taken before you have met the puppy. Ask what the contract says if a genetic problem develops, and who pays vet costs. If anything is unclear, ask for it in writing, or seek legal advice.

For rescues, ask more about background and support. How long has the dog been in care? Has the dog lived in a home? Has a behavior assessment been done? Are there known triggers or fears? What training or support will the rescue offer? Are there any medical needs? A good rescue will be honest, and will want the dog to succeed in your home.