Leaving a Dog Alone Over the Holidays

There is no single answer, because dogs differ in age, health, temperament, and experience. As a general guide, many adult dogs can manage around 4 to 6 hours at a stretch, and some up to 8, if they have had exercise and a toilet break beforehand. Puppies need much shorter gaps, roughly one hour per month of age during the day and more frequent visits at first, and senior dogs may also need more frequent breaks.

Dogs with medical conditions that affect the bladder or bowel, or who take medication on a schedule, need special planning. Dogs with separation anxiety should not be left alone for longer than they can cope with. If you are unsure, ask your veterinarian for guidance based on your dog's age and health.

Holiday absences are often longer than usual and less predictable, and they happen when your dog's environment is also changing. Decorations, visitors, and unusual noises can add stress. Dogs who have been used to having you at home during time off may find it harder to cope with the change when you go out again.

Fireworks and parties around the neighborhood can also upset a dog who is alone. Arrange cover for those times, and avoid leaving a nervous dog alone on nights with fireworks or loud events.

If you will be out for more than a working day, arrange for someone to visit. The options below suit different dogs and budgets.

• A friend, neighbor, or family member who knows the dog.
• A professional dog walker for a midday outing.
• A pet sitter who visits or stays overnight.
• Doggy daycare, if your dog enjoys it.
• Boarding, with a facility you have checked and your dog has visited.

Note: Give any helper written instructions: feeding times, walking routine, medication, vet contact, emergency numbers, and house rules. Make sure they know where the leash, treats, and poop bags are.

Before you leave, walk through the house and look for hazards. Put food, trash, and plants out of reach, secure doors and gates, and unplug items that could be chewed. Set the temperature to a comfortable level, and leave fresh water in several places.

Give your dog a safe place with a bed, toys, and something to do, such as a stuffed toy or puzzle feeder, ready for when you leave. Keep your departure calm and short, without long goodbyes, and keep the same routine you use on ordinary days.

A dog who has had a good walk and a mental workout is more likely to settle while you are out. Aim for a longer walk or play session before you leave, followed by a toilet break and a calm period. Avoid very exciting games just before leaving, which can leave your dog wound up.

Keep other aspects of routine stable. Feed at the usual times, and avoid sudden diet changes or rich treats over the holidays. Where you can, ask visitors and sitters to follow the same schedule.

Some dogs struggle when alone. Signs include barking or howling for long periods, destructive chewing, scratching at doors, house soiling, pacing, drooling, and attempts to escape. A camera can help you see what happens while you are away.

If your dog shows these signs, do not punish them, and avoid longer absences until you have a plan. Talk to your veterinarian and consider a qualified trainer or behaviorist. Separation anxiety is treatable, but it takes time and a gradual approach.